David Mitlyng for Xairos

The Clock Lock
All networks, communications, and power grids require a common time standard.
This is the role that GPS fell into - a global clock delivered from space via a weak RF signal.
But this signal is woefully insecure and easy to jam and spoof (see below).
Information security comes from the CIA triad (no, not that CIA), to protect against outsiders getting access to (confidentiality), modifying (integrity), and disrupting access to your information (availability).
The signal from GPS does not meet this security level because it is:

• Unencrypted (at least for civilian users), breaking Confidentiality
• Unauthenticated, breaking Integrity
• Easy to jam, breaking Availability

But a future timing service for fixed enterprise users has to be secure - there is too much at stake.
A new technology is needed.

Last Week's Theme: Read - Write - Wait

• Meetings at Photonics West in the bay area this week.
• Sorting through new solicitations from Department of Defense, Air Force, NASA, National Science Foundation, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), DARPA, and AFRL. These small business innovative research (SBIR) research grants are a mechanism to obtain non-dilutive funding and establish government contract vehicles. Of these our focus is quantum and PNT topics from NASA, NSF, and DARPA.
• Working internally and with outside firms on a new patent, an accounting review for the past two years, and an updated pro forma.
• Building out a Board of Advisors to help advise our development.

• Former U.S. Defense Secretary Leon Panetta has joined the growing chorus of experts calling for the US to catch up with China in technology investment, including quantum, through government and private sector cooperation under the $110B United States Innovation and Competition Act of 2021. “China has made it a point to invest a tremendous amount in artificial intelligence, in quantum, in robotics, and in cyber, and their whole intent is to try to jump ahead of the United States,” Panetta said.
• The National Science Board biennial State of U.S. Science and Engineering 2022 report highlighted that R&D funding in the United States, while still highest in the world, was ceding ground to China.
• The US Government released a National Security Memorandum “on Improving the Cybersecurity of National Security, Department of Defense, and Intelligence Community Systems,” and instructs the National Security Agency to release documents relating to “quantum resistant protocols, and planning for use of quantum resistant cryptography where necessary.”
• Following on the heels of a Seraphim report that showed record investment in space, the Space Capital Space Investment Quarterly reported: "VCs invested $17.1B into 328 space companies in 2021, accounting for 3% of total global venture capital flows. This beats the previous annual record year of $9.1B, set in 2020."
• No surprise that the last two years have hastened the migration of workers and startups out of Silicon Valley. According to PitchBook and CNBC, investment in Silicon Valley and Seattle startups dipped below 30 percent for the first time and was 40 percent lower than 2014.

The Association of Old Crows hosted an interesting presentation on the history of GPS spoofing.
According to the Resilient Navigation and Timing Foundation, jamming is relatively commonplace. While the US does not track this, the European GNSS Agency evaluated nearly 451,000 reported jamming events and found that roughly 10% were intentional.
But spoofing, the ability to fake a GPS signal, is more sophisticated. As a concept, it has been around a long time and was even featured in the 1997 James Bond movie "Tomorrow Never Dies." But over the last decade it has become a reality:

• December 2011 - An American drone was downed in Iran allegedly due to GPS spoofing.
• June 2013 - UT Austin researchers coerced a ship off course using a spoofing device.
• December 2015 - the DHS reported that drug traffickers are spoofing border drones.
• October 2016 - Users and taxis near the Kremlin mysteriously reported that they were at the airport.
• 2017 - Strange locations were reported in isolated incidents in the Black Sea, Russia, and Africa. Suspiciously, this all seemed to occur wherever Russian VIPS were traveling.
• June 2018 - Article demonstrated a universal spoofing device that can spoof GPS, Galileo, and Beidu signals all at once with $400 of materials.
• April 2019 - car at the Geneva Motor Show seemed to magically transport to the UK and the year 2036, according to their navigation displays.
• June 2019 - Iran shot down a drone that wandered into their airspace for reasons that were unclear, though spoofing was suspected.
• May 2020 - Reports of the curious case of "circle spoofing" in China and Iran. There were even reports of ships worldwide appearing to be transported to Point Reyes, California.

To learn more, please email us or schedule a meeting here.